Glass – friend or foe of the environment

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Glass is a key ingredient in many of our everyday products, serving a wide purpose with little thought. Tableware, light bulbs, mirrors, hobs, windshields, windows: the list goes on for something that hasn’t been thought of. Friend or foe, we must consider the environmental impact of glass production.

“What is” glass

Glass is a combination of three types of substances that naturally occur in North America;

  • silica, the most popular is white sand
  • bases such as sodium bicarbonate
  • limestone

Sometimes a metal oxide (lead) is added to the mixture. Depending on the principle used and whether or not lead is added, the transparency or shade of the glass will change. The production cost and quality of the glass depends on the choice of bases and the percentage of content used in conjunction with the choice and percentage of silica used.

“How” glass production

The silica, alkali, and limestone are first crushed into a powder, sieving out any coarse particles. They are then mixed and placed in an oven at extremely high temperatures for up to 24 hours. This results in molten glass, which is then cooled down several hundred degrees, resulting in a thick liquid. The resulting material is called a frit, which is then blown, pressed, drawn, formed or rolled into glass objects. If the glass is to be formed, the molds are also heated to a high temperature so that the liquid poured into them does not wrinkle. The cooling process is washing with water.

The impact of glass production on the environment

The process of making new glass is not environmentally friendly at all. The initial crushing and grinding stage sends particles of metals, chemicals, acids and dust into the air. They are easily inhaled, causing irritation to the nose and throat, potentially causing lung damage. Metal particles are hazardous to the environment as they can enter the surrounding soil and water.

The need to use extremely high temperature furnaces to melt a mixture of substances makes the melting step of the glass making process very energy intensive. It is estimated that 15.2 million BTU of energy is needed to produce one ton of glass. During any forming process, the glass may need to be reheated to keep it liquid. This means that the heat in the furnace must be kept until the end of the process.

Discharges from the glass manufacturing process may end up in the aquatic environment during cooling and cleaning processes where the highest amounts of water are consumed. The discharges may contain pieces of glass, some of the soluble ones used in production, such as sodium sulfate, lubricating oil used in the cutting process, dissolved salts, and water treatment chemicals.

Glass manufacturing processes also emit a significant amount of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. In addition, these processes spew out air pollutants such as nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter.

The benefits of glass

Glass is non-porous, making it impermeable to other substances. For this reason, glass is a very hygienic surface as no bacteria and germs that come into contact are absorbed into its structure. Glass surfaces require intensive cleaning with disinfectant and hot water without affecting their quality. For this reason, glass containers can be easily reused many times.

The impermeability of its structure eliminates any interaction with the stored content. This, together with glass made of non-toxic raw materials, removes concerns about leaching chemicals into the contained substances. In the case of food storage, this also ensures the freshness and uncompromising taste of the stored substance. Glass containers also do not absorb food odors in or around them.

Unlike other materials, glass used in a microwave oven does not leach any toxins into food or liquids. It will not stain, corrode or deteriorate no matter how many times it is reused.

Glassware and containers are very versatile as they can be moved from the freezer to the microwave or oven. Glass is very attractive and looks beautiful on a table top or as decorative items such as candy bowls, storage jars, vases and mirrors.

And the glass is 100% recyclable.

By turning an enemy into a friend

Many manufacturers have introduced practices aimed at reducing the negative environmental impact of glass production. More efficient furnaces were considered to reduce energy consumption, produce thinner glass to use lower temperatures and lower transport costs, use air and water purification systems, and use recycled glass to produce new glass.

Here are some ways you can reduce your environmental impact and enjoy the benefits of glass products.

  • Reuse glass food and storage containers. Due to its natural properties, there is no chemical reaction with the glass container and its contents. Glass items in the home can be safely used repeatedly without losing the quality of the glass.
  • Recycling. Glass is 100% recyclable and can be reused to produce new glass. Unlike other types of materials, reusing glass in no way degrades the integrity of the material. Glass can be melted and reused many times. A glass bottle that ends its life in a landfill can break for up to a million years. But a recycled glass bottle has about a 30-day lead time from the trash can to being a new bottle on the store shelf. Every ton of glass recycled saves over a ton of raw materials to make new glass. Because cullet (recyclable glass pieces) melts at a much lower temperature, making glassware from cullet consumes 40 percent less energy than making new glass from raw materials.
  • Reduce the amount of new glass products you buy. Since it has found its way into so many commercial applications, it’s now easy to find products made from recycled glass. Look for cullet tableware, recycled glass jewelry, decorative tiles, counters and landscaping materials that use recycled glass.

Glass is a versatile and beautiful material that can be used in many aspects of our lives. Let’s do our part to turn glass production from enemy to friend.

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Source by Lynn Lavanga

Global Plastic Recycling: Repairing a Failed System

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For the first time, plastic was used in the 20th century. Since then, plastic products have become quite common in our daily lives. Plastic is used in many products. For example, it is used to pack medical devices in addition to food products. This is the reason why this product is quite versatile and cost effective. Thanks to this, our life has become much more comfortable.

The problem, however, is that this convenience comes at a price. According to experts, since plastic is not biodegradable, it has a negative impact on our planet. In addition, the recycling infrastructure used worldwide is underdeveloped. As a result, we see that most of the plastic is not recycled. This creates many problems as the product is also not environmentally friendly.

China: Global Recycler of Plastic Waste

From the early 1800s, most developed countries outsourced recycling to other countries, especially China. The idea was to avoid the environmental costs of recycling plastic products. Thus, these tasks have been delegated to the developing countries of the world, and until recently China was at the top of the list.

For many decades, this has benefited both China and the developed world. For developed countries, shipping plastic waste to China was cheaper than processing it in-house. On the other hand, China needed a lot of raw materials to power its manufacturing industry. Therefore, it was a win-win deal. This is the reason why most of these recycling projects were outsourced to China.

This system depended on the resources of one country. By the end of 2016, various countries were sending 7 million tonnes of plastic waste to China each year. The sad thing is that plastic production is growing at an alarming rate.

For three decades, China has managed nearly half of its outsourced plastic waste by the rest of the world. In 2018, the Chinese government introduced a new policy to ban the import of several types of solid plastic waste. This has deepened the concerns of many developed countries that cannot afford to recycle plastic waste.

China’s ban on imports of plastic waste

This new Chinese policy has disrupted the global recycling model. Therefore, many countries have started to develop their own infrastructure for recycling plastics. Europe is an emerging leader in this department. It adopted legislation to promote investment in the recycling industry. : Na.

Europe has committed its countries to collecting at least 90% of plastic bottles by 2029. In addition, by 2030, it will ensure that plastic packaging is reusable or recyclable. that this initiative could create up to 200,000 jobs.

The global recycling industry can help boost economic growth. According to estimates, this industry will reach $ 63 billion by the end of 2024.

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Source by Dong Wong

Ways to heal "The grass is greener" Team

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When I was in my 20s, one of my first jobs was selling. But not only did I sell, I was taught to be “one seat close,” more graceful than a used car salesman, resembling a vulture closing machine. No remorse for people’s situations. Don’t worry about their wallets. Sell ??them and sell them at the highest price to get the highest commission possible. oh yeah, the wonderful life of a DIY dealer. I had two roommates at the time, and we were all three working for the same company. We sold conservatories, grossly inflated windows and sidings. And we lived a bachelor lifestyle to the max. We worked maybe 25 hours a week, went out 4 nights a week +, rarely got up before 11am, and made great money for twenty new bachelors. When we talked to our friends, they always asked about it. They wanted to know what we were doing, why we made so much money, and why it seemed we never worked. And of course, how did we get this job. They always envied our way of life as they rummaged in booths 9 to 5 every day for money that was barely enough to cover the cost of rent and college loans. What do you think happened to these poor souls? Well, many have actually tried to get the job done. Step into the thorn of our seemingly perfect rose.

I sincerely hated my job and my life back then. It was unhappy. At the beginning, it was a 100% commission-free job. When you started with the company, you got what was known as a “draw”. You were getting a small weekly paycheck that kept you alive. Amazing, isn’t it !? Too bad you had to pay it back. So if you didn’t come out of the burning cannons, you were on a stream without an oar. Luckily for me, I was damn good at this job, but a lot of our friends who tried it didn’t do that well. Meetings with customers, or “leads,” as we called them in the salesperson’s speech, often felt like trips to Satan’s door more than a friendly neighborhood visit to discuss how we can help people improve their homes. Hell, my friend must have found a real crack hut. The worst thing about leads is that they put so much pressure on us to throw every lead that when he walked into the crack shack, he was actually throwing crack heads! And if you were lucky enough to close the sale (a 20% close rate meant you were a star), you’d be putting in your paperwork and sitting at the altar for the next three days praying that the deal would “go well”. There was a three day cooling off right where customers could cancel the contract and more times than we wanted to admit, they did exactly that. After a three-day right of cooling off, our contractors had to go out and make sure they could complete the project. Guess what, we couldn’t always build a sunny room on the pool deck with rotting support beams. So combine 100% commission with difficult customers and the constant threat of deal failures and you get a good old-fashioned stress-filled pressure cooker. Is it any wonder we felt the need to go out for a drink 5 nights a week? We just tried to forget that we had to go to work the next day.

We all know this crazy state of male jealousy. Our perception tells us that our backyard is starting to turn brown like a cotton field in the plains of Texas, while our neighbors are growing brisk green that would make Chief Augusta National blush. So why do we feel this way? Why can’t we just be satisfied with what we have? How can we change this inevitable evil of human nature? The answer lies in our endless, constantly competing human needs. Two of them compete with each other, which causes us to often wonder if what we are currently doing is good enough.

1) Stability and comfort

2) Instability and diversity

So wait … We want stability and comfort. It makes sense. A roof over our heads. A continuous stream of income at work as we know it. A supportive girl who is always with us. But we also want diversity. So we want to live in different places? Work in new and exciting jobs? And you experience many different women? Does it make no sense? Is it true? This brings us to one of my favorite words; Oscillate. And with two needs of stability and instability, we are always looking for a balance. Too much stability and we end up in a place of boredom. Too much instability and we are annoyed by anxiety, fear and stress.

What are the strategies for tackling the stability and instability paradigm?

In our health

1) It is certainly the easiest to correct. If your training is out of date, change it. Maybe you exercise yourself four days a week. Join a weightlifting team, start taking a class, or find a weightlifting partner. Check out meetup.com website. There are groups for everything. And if not, you can start your own.

2) If you’re new to exercise, the biggest single factor stopping us from continuing on our newfound promise of fitness is that we find it too painful. The gains (weight loss) do not happen quickly enough to justify the pain of exercise. For those of us who can’t quite find our enthusiasm, we just have to try different ways to sweat until we find something we like to do. Trust me when I say this. If you find a sport or activity etc. that completely consumes you, you will soon forget about the pain.

In our work

1) Know that development will be crucial in this area of ??our lives. We often make the mistake of feeling too comfortable in our work and then turn around and realize how unfulfilled and lazy we have become. I’m not telling you to quit and start a business here, but start looking for new challenges in your current job, or if they’re not available, start looking for other job options.

2) If you have chosen the path of entrepreneur, actor, music, etc, know that you are on a long road here and nothing happens overnight. It is a path of great variety and many ups and downs. Find a side job that gives your life much-needed comfort. Your wallet and stress levels will thank you.

In our relationships

1) It can be difficult. For this balance to work, it requires a few key things. First, both people in a relationship develop at an equal pace individually. An entrepreneur meeting a teacher is likely to be more challenging than an entrepreneur meeting an actress. There is more variety in being an entrepreneur than in being a teacher, and there is more comfort and stability in being a teacher than being an entrepreneur. Second, you need the support and stability that both people can offer, while also offering a variety of relationship experiences. Often relationships become boring over time as we fall into very predictable relationship patterns. If your occasional Netflix night turns into a Netflix weekend, you know something needs to be spiced up.

2) Need to spread seeds. This is a very real thing for men. After all, this is the built-in mechanism to ensure the continuation of our species. I will not go into details here. If you want more information check out my blogs on Utopialifeonline.com

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Source by Steve T Wood

The benefits of using eco-friendly custom shoulder bags

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Custom shopping bags are a very useful accessory when shopping. They are large enough to hold a purse and other items such as an umbrella, a water bottle as well as shopping. Instead of carrying them in shopping bags, you can toss all your belongings into one large, roomy bag when your hands are free. One of the hottest trends when it comes to custom shoulder bags is eco-friendly shoulder bags.

More and more stores and retail outlets are offering their customers the choice of their own custom tote bags to reduce the need for plastic carrier bags. Stores such as Wal-Mart, Tesco, The Body Shop, IKEA and Starbucks offer customers their own custom shoulder bags to encourage customers to use these bags when shopping as they can be reused as opposed to plastic bags and are also ecological. friendly.

Eco-friendly custom shoulder bags have many benefits. The fact that they can be reused is beneficial not only for individuals but also for the environment. The amount of plastic bags produced annually is much greater compared to the amount that is recycled. The production of plastic bags is already harmful to the environment as they emit toxic chemicals, so the more that are produced, the greater the pollution. In addition, it takes more than 1,000 years to break down plastic, and this process also releases toxic chemicals into the atmosphere. Moreover, plastic bags pollute the ocean and clog sewers and pipelines, causing increasing damage, killing thousands of animals each year.

This is one of the reasons why more and more environmentally conscious people are choosing to use custom tote bags as it will definitely reduce our need for plastic bags, their production, and the pollution and oil consumption associated with them. By reusing shopping bags, you support environmental measures. Reusing just one bag in daily life can “eliminate” the use of about 6 plastic bags a week, which is 288 bags a year. If people can benefit from reusing bags throughout their lives, they can reduce the need for 20,000 plastic bags in their lifetime.

There are even more reasons to use eco-friendly custom shoulder bags beyond the environmental concern. These bags can hold twice as many items as plastic tote bags and are much easier and more comfortable to carry, they look a lot more trendy for the eco fashionista, and that leaves your hands on other things. Many of these bags are made of environmentally friendly materials, such as hemp and recycled cotton, which are non-toxic and non-allergenic. Additionally, the reusable eco-bags are washable and made of a strong fabric that will last for many years.

Next time you go shopping; why not bring your own bag. You not only provide yourself with extra comfort, but also enjoy the benefits of the environment. Custom shopping bags can be purchased with unique designs, or you can even ask stores to customize your bag to include your own print. Custom shopping bags are definitely a more fashionable, trendy, eco-friendly alternative to plastic shopping bags.

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Source by Kim Medeiros

The latest trends in home renovation

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Whether you want to carry out a minor kitchen / bathroom remodel or even a major home renovation, here’s what you need to know about the latest home renovation trends.

Transition kitchen

Combining a functional kitchen with a dining room or living room is one of the things that are currently in vogue. In addition to improving the aesthetics, the open connection between the kitchen and the living space will make the cooking process more enjoyable as you will never feel isolated from your family. While it’s a good idea to tear down kitchen walls, be sure not to ignore the importance of adding clever storage options and attractive flooring, as well as backsplashes.

Mixtures of finishes and colors

This mainly indicates the mixing and matching of functional and artistic materials for cabinets, countertops and floors. The same goes for the colors. For example, neutral colors are now mixed with light patterns to create a visually pleasing decor and design. While classic white is an all-time favorite color, shades of gray and gray are also becoming the favorite colors in many home remodeling projects.

Spa style bathrooms

The contemporary bathroom is more like a spa, with separate or frameless tubs, freestanding showers with multiple heads and safety handles. The whole is complemented by eye-catching metal fixtures with amazing finishes, heated floors, LED lighting and high-quality batteries.

Functional outdoor spaces

Most homeowners now realize the potential of having a well-kept outdoor area, complemented by a beautiful garden and excellent features such as stone fireplaces. Besides increasing the resale value and enhancing the look of your home, it can also be transformed into an amazing meeting space with family and friends.

Strengthening the concept: reduction, reuse and recycling

Today, people largely prefer to build or renovate their apartments using ecological materials and energy-efficient appliances, thanks to the increased awareness of the importance of sustainable living. There are companies that sell recycled wood and other building materials that they find both attractive and durable. Alternatively, you can also choose to recycle the materials to use them in a more creative way than removing or replacing them altogether.

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Source by Andreas M Loppas

Importance of recycling electronics

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Electronic waste management has become an urgent concern of modern times. Companies all over the world throw away a huge amount of electronics every year. We, as individuals, contribute to this e-waste pile by throwing away anything broken or old. The duty of companies and specialized recycling companies is to handle these materials. Having a certificate in the field of e-waste management is a necessary achievement for any company.

The first reason everyone should recycle their old electronics is pretty obvious: resources. Modern appliances contain all kinds of materials that must be recycled. Remember that these resources do not regenerate. In addition, some devices contain a small amount of precious materials such as gold. If you add up all the devices you throw away, you get a pretty powerful lump of gold. There are many other rare and expensive items that can be easily recycled and reused in industrial processes.

Another big problem is environmental safety. Electronic devices are filled with toxic substances that poison the soil when in contact with soil, air and water. There are many organizations that advocate environmental safety. Improper disposal of e-waste is punished by law and every business should now have its disposal activities closely monitored by authorities and organizations.

Toxic waste will also affect those around you. The release of toxic substances in the air can cause all kinds of lung diseases and other breathing problems. And when the authorities start looking for those responsible, the consequences for the polluting company will be quite dire. In some cases, all production and activities will be shut down by the authorities.

Data security is also ensured by proper destruction and management of e-waste. We live in a world where cyberattacks, cyberterrorism and industrial espionage are at their peak. There are many malicious people who would like to seize some of your old hard drives or penetrate your corporate database with old and inadequately secured devices. Therefore, a company deciding to renew its electronic equipment should destroy the old one accordingly.

Recycling e-waste is the best solution, but only if it is dealt with by certified companies. E-Steward represents a global partner program for companies that responsibly recycle e-waste. Certified members have dedicated facilities where they extract valuable components and destroy the remaining materials, which in turn will be recycled and reintroduced into the production cycle.

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Source by Gurgu Ciprian

Fat Burning Kitchen Review – Does the Fat Burning Kitchen Really Work?

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Are you looking for more information about the fat burning kitchen? This is a very popular nutritional guide that provides readers with helpful tips on how to reduce excess body fat in a number of effective and innovative ways. When most people opt for a weight loss plan, they usually consider buying and consuming expensive health supplements or some type of miracle weight loss pills. The problem is that these kinds of synthetic supplements and slimming pills will never produce a long-lasting effect. Moreover, these techniques can be very harmful to your health.

How is this book different from the others ?: The main goal of this extremely popular e-book is to help readers completely transform their diet by excluding unsafe and potentially unhealthy foods. In addition, the book carefully guides them by replacing these dangerous foods with natural green vegetables, fruit bundles and health foods, etc., which have a real fat burning effect. Through this detailed approach and analysis of all the beneficial nutritional information, this book has helped many in carefully planning their diet and making the right nutritional decisions.

About the author and this book: Created by certified personal trainer and certified nutritionist Mike Geary, the book is an excellent design that reflects Mike’s several years of research and analysis in the nutrition and fitness industry. He has always been a widely published author, his advice can be found in articles that are mostly published in Oxygen Magazine and Muscle & Fitness Magazine. Without a doubt, this book is a collective consolidation of various elements that thoroughly helps readers create lasting weight loss and an overall healthier and sustainable lifestyle.

Main pros:

1. This famous book was written by two eminent nutrition experts.

2. The book is very easy to read, the guidelines are neither too long nor too complicated, and the tips are really easy to apply and apply.

3. The book debunks many common nutritional facts and myths with a scientific explanation.

4. Not only does it help members burn excess body fat, it also leads them to a healthy lifestyle.

5. The book also includes detailed videos with additional and helpful nutritional information about their health.

Cons: It may take some time to get a meaningful result. However, the approaches mentioned in this book are purely natural, so following these guidelines will produce far better results than consuming harmful pills or chemical supplements.

One last take: This diet plan is effective at treating your joints, speeding up your metabolic system, and dissolving all unwanted, stubborn body fat. Without a doubt, this is the most effective way to lose belly fat and other problems associated with it. It will also help members to reverse the normal aging process. Without a doubt, this eBook is a great plan with various weight loss tips that we have used, so we highly recommend it to those looking to improve their health and lose weight.

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Source by Monica Green

Do it yourself Pest control with an eco-friendly bedbug spray for the home

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Bed bugs in your home can be inevitable these days, especially if you travel frequently and stay in hotels frequently. To help overcome this problem with a do-it-yourself approach to pest control, many manufacturers have developed different types of insecticides to deal with this threat. Some of these products are effective and some are not; some are produced organically while others are based on chemicals. It’s important to understand the different types of bedbug sprays before purchasing them.

Residual insecticides

They are also called deltamethrin and often come in the form of pyretoids. They are usually available as an aerosol. This insecticide is usually biodegradable and odorless, so it is suitable for use in confined spaces. It was best to apply it directly to the crevices and crevices of walls or floors. Quickly paralyzes bedbugs of all ages. This bedbug spray is safe for humans and animals. However, they are not safe for aquatic life.

Growth inhibitors

This is a special and unique spray that uses Hydroprene. Its task is to inhibit the development of bedbugs. This prevents the insects from reaching maturity, which limits their reproduction. They help to eliminate errors by shortening their reproductive and maturity levels. These insecticides can be found in spray form and other forms such as powder. However, hydropropene is not effective enough in killing insects.

Others

There are other forms of sprays that are effective in eliminating bedbugs. They are usually combined with additional measures, which makes them more expensive, but sometimes more effective. However, it is known that some of them cause health problems, hence the need to educate them before buying. Many of these sprays are only available to license exterminators and require you to leave the house for a few days until the vapors have subsided.

Ecological liquid sprays

They are very effective in eliminating bedbugs. They are sprayed directly on crevices and crevices in the house – the main hiding places of insects. However, an application should only be made if it is said to be safe. It is known that some sprayed liquids become inert when dry, hence frequent use as needed. Many of them use natural plant oils such as red cedar oil, which can be very effective at killing insects but is harmless to your family and pets. One of the most effective sprays you most likely have at home is rubbing alcohol. It is a quick elimination and it kills

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Source by Natron IChango

Can solar roads reduce pollution?

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Scientists have spent much of the decade trying to improve solar-powered panels that are used to generate solar energy. While modular panels are widely used in homes and commercial spaces, the idea of ??installing them on roadways is quickly gaining momentum. But the newest idea to take to the streets (literally) is to pave the roads with solar panels made of durable glass instead of regular asphalt.

Roads that pay for themselves

When it comes to solar technology news, while this plan seems a bit crazy and unconventional, it’s the idea of ??Scott and Julie Brusaw, who are Idaho residents. The husband and wife team developed their modular sidewalk system in 2009. Today, the couple claim that the solar panels that will be used in their design can support a load of over 250,000 pounds (which is four times the weight of the semi-trailer truck). ) and can last up to twenty years. The sturdy panels will also be able to melt both snow and ice on contact, as well as provide warm light using LED bulbs, allowing drivers to see debris on the road.

The solar panels are basically the same as those used in normal solar panels used in homes. The solar panels are then encased in a specially designed version of bulletproof glass that has been developed and tested in the best materials and research institutes at Penn State and the University of Dayton. The base layers of the solar panels that will be used in the project will be made of 10% recycled glass, which from a production point of view is the most cost effective way to compact the material for this monumental project.

After building and testing the prototype, courtesy of the Federal Highway Administration (FHA), the couple plans to install their solar panels throughout the United States, which will be a fairly large project considering the amount of highways and highways already in the US.

CO2 reduction

A network using solar paths will not only help generate electricity for street lighting and possibly surrounding houses, but can also significantly reduce CO2 levels in the atmosphere, providing clean reusable energy measures. The couple’s long-term aspiration is to replace the power grid with an intelligent network that will help not only the environment but also the economy.

Latest update

According to the latest solar technology news regarding Solar Roadways, the project is already the most profitable campaign in the history of IndieGogo, and while its lead on the crowdfunding site still has a few days to complete, the Solar Roadways campaign is now over. way exceeded its initial million dollar goal. All this was possible thanks to the contribution of over thirty five thousand people from over forty countries. Yes, Scott and Julie!

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Source by Moe Tarhini

Robots and epochs

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Many reports have highlighted the rapidly growing popularity of mobile applications. As more and more enterprises launch mobile applications, users now have the choice of millions of applications available in various app stores. That’s why businesses need to attract, impress, and engage users by running applications that run flawlessly across multiple devices and operating systems.

Because; The QA specialist must use advanced testing frameworks to evaluate the appearance, performance, functionality, and performance of a mobile application across devices and platforms faster and more effectively. Both Appium and Robotium are popular open source mobile test automation tools. However, these two widely used mobile testing platforms differ from each other in terms of features, usability, and performance.

Robotium is designed with features to accelerate Android app testing. It supports almost all versions and versions of the Google mobile operating system. Android’s huge market share worldwide makes it one of the most widely used mobile device testing platforms. On the other hand, Appium includes the features required to test cross-platform mobile applications. It supports popular mobile operating systems such as Android and iOS, as well as Firefox OS. In this way, testers can use this framework to test applications developed for multiple mobile operating systems.

Robotium focuses solely on testing Android applications. So it only supports one programming language, ie Java, which developers use when creating Android applications. But Appium supports several programming languages, including Java. It includes a WebDriver interface that supports many popular programming languages ??including Java, C #, PHP, Ruby, Perl, Python, and JavaScript from Node.js. Thanks to this, it can effectively test mobile applications developed with the use of commonly used Internet technologies and programming languages.

As Robotium supports a single programming language, it is difficult for QA professionals to write platform-independent test scripts. Additionally, they cannot modify and reuse the test scripts as they are only written for the Android platform. However, Appium makes it easy for QA professionals to write platform-independent test scripts in their preferred programming languages. They can even reuse the same test script to test the application on multiple platforms.

Today, enterprises have the ability to create native, hybrid and mobile web applications. Therefore, testers need tools to evaluate different types of mobile applications in less time. As Robotium only supports Android, it can be used to test native and hybrid applications developed with the Google mobile operating system in mind. On the other hand, Appium can be used to test native, hybrid and mobile web applications. In addition to testing iOS and Android applications, testers can also use Appium to test how the mobile web application works in browsers such as Chrome, Safari, and Firefox.

Both mobile application testing frameworks do not have a built-in “record and play” feature. However, QA professionals have the option of using Robotium Recorder to record unit tests while interacting with an Android device. However, they have to incur additional expenses as it is licensed software. The framework still includes features to help testers write system, functional, and acceptance tests. However, this requires testers to access the source code when automating the testing of mobile applications. Again, this does not allow testers to run tests on multiple devices in parallel. But Appium allows testers to automate mobile tests without having to recompile or modify mobile apps. This allows them to test the application as it is shipped or delivered to the customer.

Both structures are supported by large and active communities. However, many professionals feel that members of the Appium community are more active and stronger than the Robotium community. In general, QA specialists can use the features offered by Robotium to test Android applications thoroughly and effectively. However, they must use Appium to successfully automate cross-platform mobile application testing.

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Source by Ellora Sarkar